Compatibility Islam and Capitalism

Question: Compose an article on Compatibility among Islam and Capitalism ? Answer: Presentation Are Islam and Capitalism good? This Essay would talk about the similarity among Islam and private enterprise. The beginning of the Essay the insights concerning free enterprise is given and what is considered as private enterprise are talked about. The following thing in the exposition would give a brief on Islam. The following piece of the exposition would take a gander at various perspectives on Islam including the sharia law. Proceeding with the equivalent examining different parts of cohort free enterprise, which has discovered its place in Islamic nations is talked about. The issues around colleague private enterprise and how it causes an obstacle in beginning another business is talked about. At that point in this exposition, there are instances of Islamic nations like the turkey are given. In these nations a similarity among Islam and private enterprise has seen a gigantic development of the nation without giving up standards of Islam. Despite what might be expected, there are instances of nations like Egyp t, wherein there has been endeavors being made to build up this similarity among Islam and private enterprise yet has not given positive outcomes. Different angles which are talked about in this exposition are what are the issues which are causing obstacle between setting up the similarity of Islam and private enterprise. The last piece of this paper would give a concise end on this subject of similarity among Islam and free enterprise alongside how might it be helpful if this similarity is set up. Similarity among Islam and private enterprise. Free enterprise is fundamentally on the way that the proprietor is a private gathering which controls the accounts. The funds are controlled dependent on the way that the more the creation and more would be the benefit. The base of private enterprise is rivalry, It can be rivalry between the gatherings or the item. Merchandise or item ought to be fabricated remembering the interest for the item. When the interest has been recognized proportional flexibly ought to be given in the market. Free enterprise likewise utilizes the way that the administration additionally has some impact in developing the benefits, yet this requests on the private enterprise model which has been utilized in that piece of the world. Free enterprise has discovered its place in created nations to an extraordinary expand, this has brought about high budgetary advantages to the created nations. The Basic standard of market patterns is utilized to create benefits as opposed to the administration choosing the creat ion. Private gatherings can offer opportunity to would whatever they like to pick up benefit. There are some significant negative related with private enterprise as it will in general increment the disparity in the public arena. Moreover the other negative thing about free enterprise is the it powers utilization and that comes as the main thing. The Arabian Peninsula was where the religion of Islam was established it began in the fifth Century. The prophet Mohammed began this network in Medina. Later this religion was spread over numerous nations and it picked up its prominence. Middle Easterner nations have a lion's share populace of individuals who follow Islam. Presently it has additionally discovered its place in center east and Europe. It is very hard to work together in Islamic nations as they don't follow private enterprise. There are some significant motivation to legitimize how it is hard to place free enterprise in Islamic states. In Islamic nations individual status is a significant factor and everything rotates around this status. This is a significant impediment in private enterprise, which expects a free society and the market ought to be available to everybody independent of the status of the individual status. This is an issue even as far as salary for Arab nations. A portion of the Arab nations are additionally useless economy even today. West has seen a radical development has not been looked in Arab or Islamic nations. This was not the case not many hundreds of years back as Islamic nations were a lot more extravagant and their development was higher than Europe.Even as ahead of schedule as twentieth century the Genoans who was more for private enterprise won the clash of exchange against Maghrebis wh o were a greater amount of an Arabic foundation. The principle purpose behind this Genoans triumph was as they investigated a bigger number of alternatives for exchange as opposed to customary ways. They began to make a business situation which was progressively favorable. This Environment permitted them to put resources into beneficial work and build up themselves, though Maghrebis were never prepared for this change around free enterprise. The Maghrebis ways were limited just to search for circumstances inside their family, which didn't assist them with growing much in business esteems. Similar conditions are still particularly present in current day Islamic nations. Arabic nations have heaps of strict convictions, As Islam is found by the dealer. There are bunches of things in Islam, which favor the business and setting up riches. Indeed, even in the heavenly book of Islam it is viewed as that riches ought to be made, yet it ought not be for private advantages. There is a major conviction that Sharia assumes a job in adopting a negative strategy to private enterprise. There are significant liabilities with respect to sharia. Sharia didn't help in making a long association as it was inside the families and finished once the individual of the family was dead. A portion of the things which is limited by sharia is joint organizations which stocks spread over this can devastatingly affect private enterprise. Sharia additionally partitioned the capital into little parts after the dead of head of family, which doesn't help with higher venture as the capital in isolated over various individuals. The other factor which impacts private enterprise is it do esn't permit intrigue. The Waaf which was made by sharia for a noble cause intention were beginning to use as an alternative to spare assessments. There were huge foundations made for the sake of the Waaf and which didn't help monetary development in Islamic nations. Now and again the Non-Muslim were permitted to work under non sharia laws which began to show its effect and these individuals had the option to grow their business and got more extravagant. Gradually Islam has additionally begun to see a pattern where sharia law gave some exclusion to Muslim individuals and it has been useful in the development of the networks. Aside from the sharia law there other main consideration which isn't permitting private enterprise to develop is political. The legislature in these Islamic nations is very impolite and doesn't make a helpful domain. The Government isn't flawed and has been commanded by individuals who are on higher individual status. Islamic government began to assume responsibility for private property and host made an air where private gatherings don't have a state in assets, for example, oil. So the abundance of a whole nation is in the possession of the decision government who could utilize this riches in however they need to utilize it. Despite the fact that there was a modernization in Arabic nations it was limited to giving the intensity of funds to administering administrations. In the following scarcely any hundreds of years the Arab government has begun with lines of private enterprise, however it was increasingly kept to a friend based free enterprise that is what is driving free enterpri se in Islamic nations currently too. The issue with this sort of private enterprise is that it doesn't give a free market to open rivalry and is simply kept to individuals who are neighborly with the decision government. There are heaps of issues with this sort of free enterprise, which exists in Arab nations. As to begin another agent needs a permit, which is given by the decision government and until and except if there are old buddies, it gets difficult to get this permit which is an obstacle to private enterprise. The following issue region is that once you start the business with this kind of private enterprise the desire from the civil servants is that they would get some portion of benefit. On the off chance that you don't have this well disposed relationship with civil servants than it gets testing to begin even a little league business inside 2-3 years, This is prompting joblessness and static development in Islamic states. The manner in which these business people arrangem ents are build up in Islamic nations additionally demonstrates that it is more attempting to show power instead of for benefits. The free enterprise, which is created in Arabic nations is very hazardous as it doesn't permit rivalry to develop. There is an administration impact which brings about squashing the thriving possibilities in these spots. One of the prominent changes is in the turkey where things have changed radically as it has opened up to free enterprise the financial plan is fine, exchange is energized and endeavors have been made to chop down the well disposed private enterprise. Despite the fact that these individuals follow Islam vivaciously yet they have demonstrated this isn't an explanation behind not receiving to free enterprise in a major manner. The Turkey has begun to send out 25% when it was simply 3% traded in 1980.The high measure of fare as of late shows that the turkey has been profited by private enterprise. This is an unmistakable sign that Islam is perfect with private enterprise. The central issue is would this be able to show of the turkey be utilized by different nations to follow the way of private enterprise. There are examples which demonstrate this pattern to develop just like the case during the insurgency of Arab spring. Islamic youngsters indicated the world that they were likewise sear ching for approaches to push ahead as opposed to remaining at where they are presently. They requested private enterprise and majority rules system. Despite what might be expected, there is the situation of Egypt where there have been bunches of endeavors being made to change nature to be increasingly just getting started. To gain from the manners in which western world has advanced, yet these upsets neglected to keep going long Egypt despite everything keeps on demonstrating its contrariness with private enterprise. In any case, the insurgency despite everything proceeds and it may happen sometime that even in the Egypt significance of private enterprise is comprehended by the legislature and a free market is given to individuals to go into business. Different convictions in Islamic states in that top

Quality, by John Galsworthy

Quality, by John Galsworthy Most popular today as the creator of The Forsyte Saga, John Galsworthyâ (1867-1933) was a mainstream and productive English writer and dramatist in the early many years of the twentieth century. Instructed at New College, Oxford, where he had practical experience in marine law, Galsworthy had a long lasting enthusiasm for social and good issues, specifically, the desperate impacts of destitution. He in the end decided to compose as opposed to seeking after law and was granted the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1932. In theâ narrative paper Quality, distributed in 1912, Galsworthy delineates a German craftsmans endeavors to make due in a time where achievement is controlled by adverdisement, gesture by work. Galsworthy portrays shoemakers endeavoring to remain consistent with their specialties despite a world driven by cash and quick satisfaction - not by quality and absolutely not by obvious workmanship or craftsmanship. Quality initially showed up in The Inn of Tranquility: Studies and Essays (Heinemann, 1912). A part of the article shows up beneath. Quality by John Galsworthy 1 I knew him from the times of my extraordinary youth since he made my dads boots; possessing with his senior sibling two little shops let into one, in a little by-road - presently no more, yet then most stylishly positioned in the West End. 2 That apartment had a specific calm qualification; there was no sign upon its face that he made for any of the Royal Famil - just his own German name of Gessler Brothers; and in the window a couple of sets of boots. I recall that it generally pained me to represent those unvarying boots in the window, for he made just what was requested, arriving at nothing down, and it appeared to be unfathomable to such an extent that what he made would ever have neglected to fit. Had he gotten them to put there? That, as well, appeared to be incomprehensible. He could never have endured in his home calfskin on which he had not worked himself. Plus, they were excessively excellent - the pair of siphons, so indescribably thin, the patent cowhides with material tops, making water come into ones mouth, the tall earthy colored riding boots with superb dingy shine, as though, however new, they had been worn a hundred years. Those sets could just have been made by one who saw before him the Soul of Boot - so genuinely were they models manifesting the very soul of all foot-gear. These musings, obviously, came to me later, however in any event, when I was elevated to him, at the period of maybe fourteen, some notion frequented me of the nobility of himself and sibling. For to make boots - such boots as he made - appeared to me at that point, and still appears to me, strange and brilliant. 3 I recollect well my timid comment, at some point while loosening up to him my energetic foot: 4 Isnt it dreadfully difficult to do, Mr. Gessler? 5 And his answer, given with an abrupt grin from out of the harsh redness of his whiskers: Id is an Ardt! 6 Himself, he was a little as though produced using cowhide, with his yellow creased face, and crimped ruddy hair and whiskers; and flawless folds inclining down his cheeks to the sides of his mouth, and his throaty and one-conditioned voice; for calfskin is a scornful substance, and solid and delayed of direction. What's more, that was the character of his face, spare that his eyes, which were dim blue, had in them the straightforward gravity of one subtly controlled by the Ideal. His senior sibling was so similar to him - however watery, paler inside and out, with an extraordinary industry - that occasionally in early days I was not exactly certain about him until the meeting was finished. At that point I realized that it was he, if the words, I will ask my brudder, had not been spoken; and, that, in the event that they had, it was his senior sibling. 7 When one developed old and wild and added to charges, one in some way or another never ran them up with Gessler Brothers. It would not have appeared to be turning out to be to go in there and loosen up ones foot to that blue iron-spectacled look, owing him for more than - state - two sets, only the agreeable consolation that one was as yet his customer. 8 For it was unrealistic to go to him all the time - his boots kept going frightfully, having something past the impermanent - a few, so to speak, quintessence of boot sewed into them. 9 One went in, not as into most shops, in the state of mind of: Please serve me, and let me go! be that as it may, soothingly, as one enters a congregation; and, sitting on the single wooden seat, hung tight - for there was never anyone there. Before long, over the top edge of that kind of well - rather dim, and smelling soothingly of calfskin - which framed the shop, there would be seen his face, or that of his senior sibling, peering down. A throaty sound, and the tip-tap of bast shoes beating the tight wooden steps, and he would remain before one without coat, somewhat bowed, in cowhide cover, with sleeves turned around, squinting - as though stirred from some fantasy of boots, or like an owl shocked in light and irritated at this interference. 10 And I would state: How would you do, Mr. Gessler? Might you be able to make me a couple of Russia calfskin boots? 11 Without a word he would leave me, resigning whence he came, or into the other segment of the shop, and I would keep on resting in the wooden seat, breathing in the incense of his exchange. Before long he would return, holding in his meager, veined hand a bit of gold-earthy colored cowhide. With eyes fixed on it, he would comment: What a beaudiful biece! At the point when I, as well, had appreciated it, he would talk once more. When do you wand dem? Also, I would reply: Oh! When you advantageously can. Also, he would state: To-morrow passage nighd? Or then again on the off chance that he were his senior sibling: I will ask my brudder! 12 Then I would mumble: Thank you! Hello, Mr. Gessler. Goot-morning! he would answer, despite everything taking a gander at the calfskin in his grasp. Also, as I moved to the entryway, I would hear the tip-tap of his bast shoes reestablishing him, up the steps, to his fantasy of boots. However, on the off chance that it were some new sort of foot-gear that he had not yet made me, at that point undoubtedly he would watch service - stripping me of my boot and grasping it long, taking a gander at it with eyes without a moment's delay basic and adoring, as though reviewing the shine with which he had made it, and censuring the manner by which one had muddled this perfect work of art. At that point, setting my foot on a bit of paper, he would a few times stimulate the external edges with a pencil and ignore his apprehensive fingers my toes, feeling himself into the core of my prerequisites.

The Stroop Effect Naming the Color but Not the Word

The Stroop Effect Naming the Color but Not the Word To interact properly and appropriately with the world around us, it is important for us to not only see what it around us, but also to understand it. This occurs through a process known as visual processing, where our brain tries to make sense of what we see with our eyes.When we look at something, our brain not only takes note of the physical attributes of what we see, but it also tries to understand the meaning behind these physical attributes. For instance, when you look at a television set, you don’t just see its shape, size and color; you also gain understanding about what it means.You automatically understand that it requires electricity to operate, you know that you might need a remote controller to operate it, you know you can catch the news on it if you switch it on, and so on. All this happens automatically and unconsciously.Without even thinking about it, your brain processes all this information when you simply look at an object.THE STROOP EFFECTIn a bid to gain more un derstanding about how our brains process visual information, an American psychologist by the name John Ridley Stroop conducted an experiment that came to be known as the Stroop Test. The Stroop test itself is quite simple and involves two steps.In the first step, a participant is presented with a list of words for colors. The words are printed in colored ink whose color is different from the color denoted by the word. For instance, the word “blue” might be printed in red ink.The participant is then asked to read through the words as quickly as possible, without paying any attention to the color in which the word is printed. The participant is timed as they read through the words.To illustrate the first step of the experiment, below is a group of words for colors whose color is different from the color denoted by the word. Time yourself and note how long it takes you to read through the words while ignoring the color in which they appear.BLUE      PURPLE      GREEN      RED      ORANGE      YELLOW      BROWN      PINKHow did you fare? I bet you read through the words quite fast.In the second step of the experiment, the participant is once again presented with a list of words for colors, with the words printed in in colored ink whose color is different from the color denoted by the word.However, this time the challenge is a bit different. Instead of reading out the words, the participant is required to name the color in which the word is printed. For instance, if the word “brown” is printed in yellow ink, the participant should say “yellow” instead of brown. They should ignore what the word says and focus on its color.Once again, below is a list of words for colors printed in colors that are different from the colors denoted by the words.Time yourself as you go through the words, saying out loud the color in which they are printed while ignoring what the word says.PINK      YELLOW      GREEN      ORANGE      BLACK      BLUE      PURPLE        WHITE      GREY How did you fare this time round? Did it take you much longer to read through the words? Did you find it hard to actually name the color the words are printed in rather than what the word says? Below is a video of the test. When J. R. Stroop conducted his experiments in 1935, he noticed that the participants had a harder time naming the color compared to simply reading out the words. He attributed this to a phenomenon that has come to be known as the Stroop effect, named after him.The Stroop effect is the interference (mind flub) you just experienced when trying to name the colors while ignoring what the words say. Your brain was trying to process two conflicting mental processes, both of which were simultaneously competing for your brain’s attention and prominence.The Stroop effect provides evidence that the embedded knowledge we have about our environment has an influence on how we interact with the environment. It also shows that we are no t always in control of what our brains choose to pay attention to. But why does this interference occur?The Stroop test reveals that our brains are automatically inclined to read any text we come across. As an adult, you have been reading words for so long that it becomes an effortless and automatic process that does not require any significant cognitive effort and that you cannot avoid.Seeing a word and trying to avoid reading it is like trying to avoid thinking about an elephant when someone says “don’t think of an elephant.” You just can’t do it. In the experiment, you are trying to focus on the color the word is printed in, but your brain cannot avoid reading what the word says.This gives you two bits of conflicting information (the actual color you see, and the color you think of after reading the word). To solve this conflict and come up with the required answer, your brain has to expend more cognitive effort.Having to take in two conflicting bits of information and th en resolve the difference between them slows down your response, which is why it takes you longer to go through the second set of words.Out of practice (years upon years of reading) our word-recognition ability is much faster than our color recognition ability. This means that most people will recognize what a word means before they recognize the color in which it is written.In addition, out of experience, our brains have learnt that the meaning of a word is more important than the color it is written in. So, in essence, our brains have learnt to ignore the color and focus on what the word says. However, the exercise requires you to name the color and not the meaning of the word.Therefore, your brain has to inhibit the word recognition process, which is faster, in order for the color recognition process to provide the correct response. This inhibition requires something known as selective attention.Sometimes, your brain, in its impulsivity, is unable to suppress the faster word reco gnition process, which is why you might have given a few erroneous answers, reading out the word instead of naming the color it is written in.Because of this, the Stroop test is used to test for mental processes associated with conditions such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Subjects with ADHD are more likely to make more errors and to take longer in the second step of the Stroop test.This is because the brains of people with ADHD are more prone to impulsivity and therefore have a harder time inhibiting the much faster word recognition process to allow the color recognition process to provide the correct response.The inhibition of some mental process is facilitated by the neurotransmitter dopamine, which is why ADHD patients are usually treated by restoring their levels of dopamine, which in turn suppresses their impulsivity.The Stroop effect happens automatically; there is not much we can do to prevent it. To show how automatically it happens, the Stroop effect is even said to have been used by American intelligence agents to catch a man suspected of being a Russian spy.Apparently, the man, who claimed not to know Russian, was presented with the Stroop test, but with the words for colors written in Russian instead of English.When asked to name the colors of the words, the man had a slow response rate when the words and colors were incongruent (the word was written in a color that was different from the color denoted by the word).This was a signal to the American intelligence agents that the man could actually speak Russian, despite claiming otherwise.THEORIES THAT EXPLAIN THE STROOP EFFECTThere are a number of different theories that have been used to explain the Stroop effect.While the theories differ in the part of visual processing that they emphasize, all the theories are unified by the central premise that it is much simpler and more automatic to read a word than to recognize and name a color, and that a conflict between the two proce sses will lead to increased cognitive effort and slower processing times.These theories are also sometimes referred to as ‘race models’ because all have an underlying notion that both pieces of information (the meaning of the word and the color) are processed simultaneously, but then they ‘race’ to enter the central processor first when it comes to selecting a response.Below are the different theories used to explain the Stroop effect:Speed of Processing TheoryThis theory proposes that the lag experienced when trying to name the color but not the word occurs the brain can recognize words faster than it can recognize colors. In other words, the theory proposes that word processing and color recognition occur at different speeds, with word processing occurring much faster.Therefore, when one is required to state the color, the information about what the word actually says arrives at the decision making stage before information about the color in which the word is written.Howev er, since the information that arrives first is not relevant in this case, this leads to processing confusion. It becomes more difficult to name the color after we have already read the word.In the first step of the experiment, where the participant is required to read out the word and ignore the color, there is no conflict because the relevant information (what the word says) arrives faster than the irrelevant information (color).Selective Attention TheoryAccording to the Selective Attention Theory, color recognition requires more attention compared to simply reading a word.This in turn means that color recognition takes longer, either as the brain allocates the extra attentive resources required or as it tries to inhibit distractions from sources of information that do not provide the appropriate response (word recognition).Automaticity TheoryThe Automaticity Theory is the one that is most commonly used to explain the Stroop effect. According to this theory, out of habitual readin g, our brains have gotten to a point where reading occurs automatically. It does not require any focused attention.When you look at a word, your brain automatically engages it and understands what the word means. Color recognition, on the other hand, is not an automatic process. It requires some focused attention.Therefore, when you look at a word, your brain automatically recognizes what the word is saying while it takes a bit longer to process the color, leading to slower response times.Parallel Distributed Processing TheoryAccording to the parallel distributed processing theory, as the brain analyzes and processes information, it develops different and specific pathways to process different tasks. The strength of the pathways depends on the frequency with which the pathways are used.When two pathways are activated at the same time, information in the stronger pathway is processed before the information in the weaker pathway. Since you read a lot more frequently than you are requi red to identify the color words are written in, the reading pathway is a lot stronger than the color identification pathway.During the Stroop effect, both pathways are activated simultaneously.Since the reading pathway is stronger, this information is processed first. However, since the appropriate response requires information from the weaker pathway, this leads to interference and slower response times.IMPORTANCE OF THE STROOP EFFECTThe Stroop test and the Stroop effect have a number of uses is psychology. The test is very useful in evaluating a person’s attentional capacity, their cognitive processing speed, their selective attention capacity and their level of executive function.These facets give psychologists a glimpse into how we interact with the world us. In other words, the Stroop test helps give psychologists a more detailed understanding of human thought and behavior. It helps them to observe the cognitive processes that drive explicit thought and provides insights into how the non-conscious brain works.The Stroop test is also used in conjunction with other neuropsychological assessments in the diagnosis of neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and schizophrenia.The interference resulting from the Stroop Test has also been found to be more pronounced in people suffering from conditions such as ADHD, dementia, brain damage, and addictions to drugs, alcohol and gambling.In addition, researchers also use the Stroop test in conjunction with brain imaging studies to understand the regions of the brain that are involved in processes such as decision making, planning and managing interference in the real world, such as talking on a phone while driving or studying for an exam when the television is on.People have also recently started using variations of the Stroop test as exercise to help them improve their directed-attention skills and increase their mental vitality. The test can also be used as an exercise to help people hone the ir ability to control impulsive behavior.During a Stroop test, the participant is required to overcome the impulse to respond to the initial and stronger stimuli and instead focus on a weaker stimuli. The better you become at inhibiting the urge to read instead of reporting the color, the better your brain will become at controlling impulsive behavior.VARIATIONS OF THE STROOP TESTAside from the original Stroop test, there have been other variations of the test which evaluate the effect of other sensory variables on interference. Below are some of the most popular variations of the test.Warped Words Stroop TestThis variation is quite similar to the original Stroop test, with words for colors printed in ink color that is different from the color denoted by the word. However, this test takes things a step further. The words are also warped (curvy shaped). The aim here is to make the words more difficult to read.The idea behind this test is that making the words harder to read slows dow n the brain’s reaction and processing time.Surprisingly, the findings from the warped words Stroop test are similar to those from the original test. Participants still take longer to identify the color compared to reading the words.Emotional Stroop TestThe emotional Stroop test gives psychologists a glimpse into how the brain processes information related to emotions. In the emotional Stroop test, negative emotional words, such as “sadness,” “sorrow,” and “depression” are placed in between neutral words such as “car,” “television,” and “house”.The words are printed in different colored ink, and just like in the original Stroop test, the participant is supposed to name the color each word is written in, while ignoring what the word says.According to researchers, participants suffering from depression will take longer to name the colors on negative emotional words compared to the colors of neutral words. In the emotional Stroop test, the interference arises f rom the conflict between the color of the word and the emotional relevance of the word to the participant.Animal Stroop TestThis is a variation of the Stroop test that is used with young children. Normally, the Stroop effect occurs in adults because they have been reading for years, to the extent where reading comes automatically to them. However, for young children, reading is not very well established or fluent, and therefore does not come automatically.Children below the age of 6 can barely even read the words, therefore there would be no conflicting information to allow psychologists to measure interference. Provided the children know their colors, they would perform relatively well in the Stroop test because the words do not mean anything to them.In order for young children to effectively undertake the Stroop test, the test needs something the children can do automatically. This is where the animal Stroop test comes in. By the age of 4, most children can name common animals whe n presented with the pictures of the animals.In fact, when presented with these pictures, most young children will name the animals without being prompted. In other words, it comes to them automatically.In the animal Stroop test, the children are presented with pictures of animals, with a small twist. The heads of the animals have been swapped. For instance, the head of a cow might be placed on a dog, while the head of a dog is placed on a duck. The children are then asked to name the animal based on its body instead of its head.Since the head of the animal is more prominent, the children are automatically drawn to it. In order for them to provide the correct response, they have to inhibit the automatic response (naming based on the head) and name the animal based on its body.Studies conducted using the animal Stroop test find that children experience the same kind of interference that adults experience with the original Stroop test.Spatial Stroop TestThis is a variation of the Stro op test that is used to investigate the interference between an objects location and the location information derived from the object. In this test, an upward or downward-facing arrow appears randomly above or below a line.The participant is required to report the direction of the arrow (whether it is pointing up and down) while ignoring the arrows location relative to the line.Researchers found that responses are faster and more accurate when the stimuli is congruent (for instance, an upward facing arrow appearing above the line) compared to when the stimuli is incongruent (for instance, an upward facing arrow appearing below the line).WRAPPING UPThe Stroop test has become a popular and widely used methodology that allows psychologists and researchers to get a peek into our brain functions and our implicit cognitive functions.The Stroop effect occurs when our minds are required to inhibit the response from an automatic stimuli and give more relevance to the response from a weaker s timuli.The test examines our ability to suppress our impulses and direct our attention where we want it at a particular time. The Stroop test is a simple exercise that you can do from anywhere. Give it a try and tell us how you fared in the comments below.

Analysis Report for New Product - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1972 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Did you like this example? ANALYSIS REPORT FOR NEW PRODUCT SUMMARY: The whole case study is based on the decision making analysis based on the new product operations. For this purpose I would prefer to understand about the market in which the product would be compete with the other products. These findings were made by Robert himself and the information in the questions available against these findings. We discuss them one by one and if any assumptions made there under. The Exclusive rights given by the Kokoa SA to Robert for selling and using their name. Such type of rights given by the company or manufacturer to their seller for enhancement and increase their sales. This right is provided for the period of 5 years and Robert must be paid some money in advance. The advance amount is not mentioned by Robert in his finding so according to the American royalty rates for food industry we studied that the upfront payment may be $200 per month and should be paid 5 years payment in advance that is $12,000. The second assumption we made for the inventory turnover period and Kg(s) of the chocolates. According to the study Robert wants to make orders after every two weeks and maintain the stock level for the four weeks in the first year of operations the stock level and orders sequence would not be made accurate as per the willing of Robert because the demand and supply rule of economics is applied. The market analysis made by the expert is based on the assumptions and estimations but the actual results show the greater variation. Such variation would be reduced at the end of the first year for the first year the assumption is made that is random growth in sales units of chocolates. Which makes the random increase in the Kg (s) which is imported from Switzerland? The third assumption is made for the order size which would be imported from the supplier according to the market survey and Robert’s given information, the order should be made after two weeks and must be enough for the next four weeks. In the first year of operations the sales units are vary randomly therefore, I made an assumption regarding the ordering the units that is in the current month order will be made for the following month requirements, and such requirements will be made on the assumptions which are made for the sales units. For the next year and thereafter the sales units are sold out of the same quantity as the market survey said. So, the minimum stock would be the same as Robert required. And the sales units will be the same as market survey state. Therefore, in the next year budgeted cash flow is not required any specific type of assumptions. The cost of the material is based on the currency of Switzerland that is CHF, and the supplier will give the 40% discount on the price in which the chocolates Kg sold out in Switzerland. Therefore, the actual price at which Robert will receive the material that is CHF 51 and the conversion rate is 1.06 then the price is 54.41 US dollars. The freight charges also be paid in CHF and conversion rate is used for the purpose of monthly and annual cash flows. The available capital for the new product is $100,000 and the loan facility is also available if necessary. But as per the monthly cash flows for the first year of operations there is no need any type of loan facility as the available capital is enough for this purpose. Robert also said about the available excess capital can be invested at the rate of 5%. The cash flows of the first year at the month level show that the company has excessive capital at the level of $30,000. I have made an assumption in respect of the investment of the amount of $30,000 and the return on such investment will be received in first month of following the investment e.g. February. In the first year the return will be made for 11 month as the assumption is made by me that the investment is made at the last day of the first month and it will made for minimum three years. AMOUNT WHICH WILL NEED TO GET GOING: There are many things which would be considered when a business is going to be start. There is a need to made feasibility study, if research is going appropriate and there is no uncertain indications then the development phase is started. In our case study, the research phase is completed now the operations of the company will be started. The study reveals that the available cash is enough for starting of the company’s food operations. The company has backup cash support from the bank of $50,000 at the rate of 8%. The initial expenses of the company are reasonable and there is no heavy machinery is required for the sake of starting the business and the main advantage which reduces the various ancillary expenditures which are necessary to start a business as he is an online seller. The available analysis made by Robert and the estimated monthly and yearly cash flows stated that the maximum cash which would be needed in the current situation if all other circumstances which would not lead to the circumstances change then the funds will be enough for the commencement of the food business that is $100,000. And the maximum expenditures will not be more than $50,000. So, for any uncertainty company has more than enough funds to control the circumstances. SENSITIVITY ISSUES: For the development or expanding an existing business, the organization either small or large, should develop the following things to reduce the effects of any uncertain happening. The sensitivity is the matter of product development which having the base of past research, present findings and future directions. If the new project is not following the planned directions or instructions then it will reduce the effects of the expected outcomes of the projects. Each analysis has some type of steps and components which must be followed during the working on them. Robert should follow, in start of the new product, demand and supply rule. I n this rule, production will be start at that time when the order will be taken by the company. For reducing the risk of loss in production, the system of production on the basis of orders is best in that environment. Another thing, which should be consider by Robert, that is, the online competitors of the company with the similar type of food products. He must evaluate the; Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Analysis Report for New Product" essay for you Create order Prices Quality of product Quantity in each unit pack Quality of services Systems and technology used by the other competitor Influencing areas of operations Customer response Promotions and Schemes to attract the general public Advertisement plans In the regulatory prospective, Robert should get his product register, and must be taken a prior permit to start the selling of the new product. In order to achieve the expected results Robert must follow the following points in his market survey. UPFRONT PAYMENT FOR EXCLUSIVE RIHTS: Kokoa SA gives a right to use the name and its products under his own name in North America. Robert is allowed to use freely the right by paying an amount for a period of five years. It is the nature of royalty or purchasing an intangible asset. The amount of right must be paid in full for the period of five years. There is no clear information in the statements given by Robert about the terms and conditions of the contract made between both the parties. It is a small business operating in a limited area as the shipping is available only for North America. The company cannot exercise the right until the upfront payment clearance made by the Kokoa SA. In addition, the right gives Robert an oppo rtunity to purchase as much as the demand of the chocolates is increased in the future. There is no restriction regarding the purchase and time limits in respect of re-ordering. There is no specific law made by the regulation authority in respect of any royalty payment or license to use the products of the company of other jurisdiction except the prior approval and settlement. In our case, the Kokoa SA is a manufacturer of chocolates; Robert will purchase the chocolates and pack it under his own brand name then sell it. In US law, the right to use the other brand name is restricted but the use of products of other companies in making of company’s own product is not prohibited. It the company arise the liability by using the name of Kokoa SA, then the Law exists. So, there is only a contract can be made by the company in respect of the exclusive rights and its payment. In the market survey we find that the current rates in US of the similar contracts and rights made b y the other companies and competitors are from $150 to $400 in medium scale businesses. Our contract made by the Kokoa SA is on the basis of each order. The exclusive right settlement for five years is for $200 per month and for the whole period is $12,000 which is not refundable. If unexpectedly, the operations of selling and buying of chocolates need to stop then the payment of exclusive rights cannot be able to reverse by the Kokoa SA. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: There are the following recommendations to Robert for the start up the new product. Market surveys based on the advertising the product and customer responses must be critically evaluate. Start small investment in respect of the new product Make up a portfolio of the products Acquire the business license for the new products Make a business plan for the new setup and running business too. And upload it on the website and advertise it accordingly in the manner which are most effective and enhance the productivity and customer response. I would like to suggest as a professional, to create a department for recording the whole operations of the business and report on them, which exactly represents the profitability of the company and new product. Always find the new ways to cover up the high cost and how to low the cost or alternative ways. During the planning, always overestimate the costs and expenses and underestimate the incomes and receiving. Always finds the ways to make the profit exponentially increase. For this, there are five drivers which are directly impact on the profits of the company. These are as following; Leads: how can the total number of customer increases day by day. Conversion rate: the average number of people who buy the product as the percentage of number of people who visits the website Average dollar sale: estimate the average dollar sale on the basis of conversion rate for the year. Average number of transaction Profit Margin: the profit percentage which the company earns by the selling of a single unit of its product. These are the evaluating factors which are having the influence on the profitability of the company. The ultimate conclusion of the research made by Robert for his new product in the portfolio of his company is good for his business only in the case, if he spends more money in the advertising campaign of the products and website at which the buying and selling take place. If the other things remain same i.e. economical conditions, exchange rate, inflation, stability in the foreign exchange market, political conditions, external factors which are directly affect the business in the North America and South America, then the expected and estimated cash flows monthly and annually are present the appropriate cash in and out of the company for the new products. For any uncertain happening the company has enough cash in backup to take care of the company’s future viability.

3rd Grade Science Fair Projects

The 3rd grade may be the first time students are introduced to science fair projects. Children ask questions from a young age, but this is a great time to begin to apply the scientific method. Introduction to 3rd Grade Science Fair Projects 3rd grade is a great time to answer what happens if... or which is better...  questions. In general, elementary school students are exploring the world around them and learning how things work. The key to a great science fair  project at the 3rd-grade level is finding a topic that the student finds interesting. Usually, a teacher or parent is needed  to help plan the project and offer guidance with a report or poster. Some students may want to make models or perform demonstrations that illustrate scientific concepts. 3rd Grade Science Fair Project Ideas Here are some project ideas appropriate for 3rd grade: Do cut flowers last longer if you put them in warm water or in cold water? You can test how effectively flowers are drinking water by adding food coloring. Youll get the best results with white cut flowers, such as carnations. Do flowers drink warm water faster, slower, or at the same rate as cold water?Does the color of your clothing affect how hot or cold you feel when youre outside in the sunlight? Explain your results. This project is easiest if you compare solid colors, such as black and white t-shirts.Do all students in the class have the same size hands and feet as each other? Trace outlines of hands and feet and compare them. Do taller students have larger hands/feet or does height not seem to matter?How much does the temperature have to change for you to feel a difference? Does it matter whether its air or water? You can try this with your hand, a glass, a thermometer, and tap water of different temperatures.Are waterproof mascaras really waterproof? Put some mascara on a sh eet of paper and rinse it with water. What happens? Do 8-hour lipsticks really keep their color that long?Do clothes take the same length of time to dry if you add a dryer sheet or fabric softener to the load?Which melts faster: ice cream or ice milk? Can you figure out why this might happen? You can compare other frozen treats, such as frozen yogurt and sorbet.Do frozen candles burn at the same rate as candles that were stored at room temperature? Ideally, compare candles that are identical in every way except their starting temperature.Research what dryer sheets do. Can people tell the difference between a load of laundry that used dryer sheets and one that didnt use them? If one type of laundry was preferred over the other, what was the reason? Ideas might be scent, softness, and the amount of static.Do all types of bread grow the same types of mold? A related project would compare types of mold that grow on cheese or other food. Keep in mind mold grows quickly on bread, but migh t grow more slowly on other food. Use a magnifying glass to make it easier to tell the types of mold apart.Do raw eggs and hard-boiled eggs spin the same length of time/number of times?What type of liquid will rust a nail the quickest? You could try water, orange juice, milk, vinegar, peroxide, and other common household liquids.Does light affect how fast foods spoil?Can you tell from todays clouds what tomorrows weather will be? Tips for Success Choose a project that wont take too much time to complete. Performing an experiment or making a model often takes longer than one expects, and its better to have extra time than to run out at the last minute.Expect a 3rd-grade project to require adult supervision or help. This doesnt mean an adult should do the project for a child, but an older sibling, parent, guardian, or teacher can help guide the project, offer suggestions, and be supportive.Select an idea that uses materials you can actually find. Some project ideas might look great on paper, but be difficult to perform if the supplies are unavailable.

La Dame and Cathy Ames Comparison Free Essays

In the poem â€Å"La Belle Dame Sans Merci† by John Keats and the story East Of Eden by John Steinbeck both authors similarly characterize women as merciless through the use of the literary technique of imagery. Both Steinbeck and Keats throughout their writings describe events and people in great detail. Both of the women are beautiful yet ‘wild’, put a man to sleep, and force someone to solitude. We will write a custom essay sample on La Dame and Cathy Ames Comparison or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the beginning of both the poem and story the authors give a very visual description of the women. They are both considered to appear on the outside as if they are â€Å"a faerys child† – beautiful. But when you look into their eyes a sense of being â€Å"wild† is within them. The wildness that the men see in their eyes foreshadows their merciless nature. The wildness alludes to and foreshadows the womens animalistic and heartless actions. In both storys the women seduce multiple men with their physical attractiveness in order to gain control of them and make the situation benefit them. The authors use imagery in their texts by explaining in detail the womens outstanding physical features in order to make the reader picture the women in the same way that the narrator does. Steinbeck and Keats effectivly project the images of the women into the minds of the reader. In the two pieces of literature both of the authors specify a scene using imagery in which the beautiful women make a man fall asleep in order to obtain what they want. In Steinbecks case it would be Cathy Ames overdosing Adam so she can sleep with Charles on the night of their wedding. While in Keats poem it is La Dame who slowly puts the unsuspecting knight to sleep so she can murder him. The women in these scenes commit awful acts but neither of them feel any remorse or conscience, which oes to show the women are truly merciless and have a â€Å"wild† nature. In Keats story he uses imagery in the knights vivid dream as a warning to show him all of La Dame’s past victims who had been lured in and killed before him. This shows that La Dame’s feeling of love are false and that she will continue to mercilessly hurt people. The authors uses of imagery in these scenes make the reader feel like they are in the story watching the horrible acts take place and make the reader lovingly hate the women for their cruel and clever actions. In both texts Steinbeck and Keats write a very visual scene about men leaving the eautiful women and cutting all ties to them because they realize that the women are fake, merciless and â€Å"wild†. In the poem written by Keats the knight wakes up as a lonely and â€Å"palely loitering† man because he realizes that if he continued to follow La Dame he would end up like all the other men who fell for her because she is â€Å"wild† and will never be tamed, she is merciless and all of her fealings were false. La Dame emotionally misconstrues the knight and leaves hime to live his life as a ‘dead’ person with his heart in a million pieces. In Steinbecks novel the whoremaster, Mr. Edwards, beats and then leaves Cathy to die because he feels that Cathy had constantly manipulated him and hurt him emotionally, physically and finically and he ever have to deal with her and be put through what he had been. Throughout each of the literary masterpieces both authors similarly characterize women as merciless through the use of the literary technique of imagery. Both of the women are beautiful yet ‘wild’, put a man to sleep, and force someone to solitude. Cathy Ames and La Dame were characterized as two despicipable women who inflicted pain and suffering upon others, to make up for the emotions that they cannot feel. How to cite La Dame and Cathy Ames Comparison, Papers

Briefing Paper Marking Guide - Big Data

Introduction In this briefing paper, the ICT topic Big Data will be reviewed from literatures. Big data is the new IT buzzword that refers to the voluminous data processed in different business processes in different industries around us. There is explosive growth of the volume of structured and unstructured data in last decades. In the early days of implementation of information technology in different kind of organizations had implemented databases for working with data related to their business processes, but in last few years, emergence of social media and ecommerce have accelerated the growth of data outside organization and from individuals. For example, over social media like Facebook, people uploads and shares heavy volumes of images, texts, videos from different parts of the world at the same time their location details, machine details etc. are also being circulated. Analysis of these type of data reveals several interesting information about peoples lifestyles, choices etc. and busines ses are very interesting for these type of information. Working with these kind of data using typical database management software and information technologies is difficult. Big data and technologies have given rise of a new dimension in this case. It covers all technologies that helps to address the volume and complexities of these voluminous data. (Madden, 2012) In this briefing paper, it will discuss about the technology, current research and trends on big data in details. The Problem As, it has been already told that, processing of volumes of structured and unstructured data, using traditional database management systems or data processing systems were difficult. This was the problem that led to the invention of big data concept and related technologies. (Madden, 2012) There is common confusion around the term big data, that is, whether it refers to technology or volume of data. When vendors use the term big data they generally refers to the technologies like processes and tools that helps in working with volumes of data efficiently. So, the term encompasses any collection of complex and larger data set that is difficult to handle by typical database management or data processing applications. It also covers up the collection of tools to support processing of such data through different kind of operations like searching, curation, sharing, transfer, storage, visualization etc. (Zikopoulos, 2011) Bid Data: Characteristics There are some characteristics of a dataset that makes it a Big data data set. Those characteristics are, A. Volume Volume refers to the quantity of data, generated from a process or system. The potential and value of a dataset is directly proportional to its volume. This characteristic is the first criteria to classify a dataset as big data or not. Even this concept has been reflected on the term Big data itself. (Marz Warren, 2014) B. Velocity This characteristic is related to the rate of generation of data or how fast data is getting generated or processed to provide desired outcome. C. Variety Big data takes data from heterogeneous sources into consideration while processing the same. Variety in data sets helps to analyze it from different aspects and in deriving different outcomes. D. Veracity Veracity of data sets refers to the captured quality of those. Veracity of a dataset plays significant role in the accuracy of the outcomes from analysis of the data sets. (Zikopoulos, 2011) E. Variability Variability refers to the levels on inconsistencies present in the data and that show up any time during processing. This may be problematic for data analysts. F. Complexity Managing the processing of big data, is a complex process by itself. It becomes more complex when data comes from heterogeneous sources and larger in volume. These kind of data is needed to be interlinked, correlated and connected. Otherwise it is difficult to work on these data. Big Data: Technologies Computation power and storage for larger datasets are not a serious problem now a days. Advancement in electronics and digital technologies have made these solutions more efficient, easily available and cheaper. This has helped in emergence of big data. There is a paradigm shift from computer architecture to the mechanisms in data processing. There is a growing demand for data mining and analysis applications for big data. (Barlow, 2013) There are wide range of tools and technologies that supports the concept of big data and analysis, processing of the same. There are technologies like crowdsourcing, A/B testing, data fusion etc. along with machine learning, natural language processing, time series analysis, integration, simulation, genetic algorithms, signal processing, visualization etc. Tensors are the representative of multidimensional big data. Tensor based technologies and computation methods like multi- linear sub space learning helps in this case. Other than that there are database related technologies, parallel processing support, search based application, distributed file systems and databases, data mining, cloud computing etc. and Internet that supports big data revolution. There are big data analytics that processes the big data and helps in finding out different patters out of it. These patterns gives critical insights into data sets. Storage is an important issue for big data. A proposed solution is distributed and shared storage. Storage area network or SANs, Networked Area storage or NAS etc. come into these categories. However, big data practitioners are not quite interested in these solutions. There are RDBMS based storage solutions for big data that is capable of storing petabytes of data. (Madden, 2012) All these technologies supports big data in analysis of data from web, analysis of network monitoring logs, click stream analysis etc. There are data science applications like simulations for massive scale analysis of data, deployment of sensors etc. Parallel database systems like Vertica, Teradta, Greenplum etc. are powerful but expensive and hard to administer. There are lack of fault tolerance levels in case of longer queries. Hadoop is a popular big data technology accepted worldwide. (Roebuck, 2011) Big Data: Process There are number of phases in data processing in big data. Those are explained as, 1. Data Acquisition Big data takes data that are evolving from different industries and scientific researches, demographics, social media and ecommerce. However, all data is not equally important for a particular goal so after collecting data, it will be filtered. Data are collected from systems, social media and numerous sources. There can be operational or transactional data, structured and unstructured data. When it comes to big data them all types of data irrespective or format and type are collected. Later on these data are filtered and compressed before processing. The most challenging part of data acquisition is, filtering out the unnecessary data. It must be done in a way so that useful information dont get discarded. Data science deals with numerous issues that helps to define different filters to ensure, accuracy and relevancy of collected data. (Marz Warren, 2014) For streaming data from online sources, it is not always possible to store and process those data to filter those later on. Rather it needs an on the fly approach to work on such streamlines of data from web. There are online data analytics applications and systems that helps in filtering and collected data from online streaming data. Next big challenge in to create metadata from acquired data. This is not easy. Meta data should give details about the sources and structure of data. There are metadata acquisition systems that can automatically record metadata without any human intervention. However, there are lots of things to do with metadata after recording those correctly. There is a pipeline for analysis of big data. Metadata is required in every stage of the pipeline. Thus acquisition of data refers to the collection of technologies, tools and processes of collecting data, filtering it and recording metadata of data at the same time without storing and processing data every time. 2. Cleaning and Extraction of information Data analysis needs some level of uniformity of data. Thus, after acquiring data, it is needed to be cleaned and ready for processing. Data analysis will require data in correct formant otherwise the results of the analysis will not be accurate and effective. It needs an information extraction process that will bring out the required information from the piles of data from heterogeneous sources. Then it should present the extracted data in a structured form. The process is technically challenging. For example, there are data like images and videos. Extracting information from these formats of data and presenting the same in structured format are really hard. A common misconception is, big data always provides truth. This is not the case all the time. The truthfulness of big data and analysis depends on these extraction steps. It depends on how effectively truth is getting extracted from raw data. There are different constraints on valid data and error models that are well recognized. However, till now there are many domain of big data where these constraints are still not available. 3. Integration, Aggregation and Representation of Data It has been already discussed that data comes from different heterogeneous sources. Those are no structured and in right format even. It is not possible to acquire and clean data then store the same in data repositories. There are processes like integration, aggregation of those data and then representing those in the right format to sore and process in future. Data analysis is a complex process. For large scale data analysis it is needed to have effective analysis and the process should be automated. In data analysis process, different semantics and data structures are needed to be expressed in correct formats that are readable by computers and can be resolved by robots. Data integration is important and there are additional works for making the data error free using automated system. There are different alternative solutions for storing data other than databases. Each of these alternatives have its own advantages and disadvantages. Designing database or correct storage solution is needed to be done very carefully. There are many decision making tools to provide assistance in designing databases. 4. Processing of Query, data modeling and analysis of data Making query in traditional databases and processing of query in big data, are fundamentally different. Big data contain volumes of dynamic, interrelated, heterogeneous data. These forms larger networks of interrelated data. There are higher level of data redundancy. These redundancies can be explored through validation, crosschecking etc. There are inherent clusters and these clusters reveals relationships among collections of data. (Roebuck, 2011) Data mining is a related topic here. It required, cleaned, integrated, trustworthy, easily accessible and effective data that can help in declarative query through data mining interfaces and computing environments. Big data supports provisions of interactive data analysis in real time applications. Scaling of complex queries is also supported. However, there is a problem with analysis of big data. That is lack of co- ordination in the systems that stores data, support SQL queries and analytics for performing non-SQL data processing, for example statistical analysis, data mining etc. 5. Interpretation Obtaining only results from analysis is not enough. It needs to explain or provide enough explanatory details about those results so that someone can interpret the results from analysis. There are visualizations used in this case. (Marz Warren, 2014) Challenges in Big data There are number of challenges in big data. Some of those are already explained in related contexts. Still, most prevailing challenges are, Heterogeneous sources and nature of data. Incompleteness in data. Problem with effective cleaning and extraction of data. Scale and volume of data. Timeliness of data. Privacy of data. (ene Polonetsky, 2013) Human collaboration needed in certain phases and lack of it in some cases. Lack of suitable and effective system architecture for big data only. Conclusion In this briefing paper, there is a discussion on an emerging topic in ICT, called big data. After the introduction, there is the problem statement that had given rise to the concept of big data. In the sub sequent sections there are discussions on different characteristics, technology etc. related to big data, finally a detailed description of processes in processing of big data. In the end there is a summary of challenges in big data. References Barlow, M., 2013. Real-Time Big Data Analytics: Emerging Architecture. s.l.:O'Reilly Media, Inc.. Boyd, D. Crawford, K., 2011. Six Provocations for Big Data, s.l.: SSRN. ene, O. Polonetsky, J., 2013. Big Data for All: Privacy and User Control in the Age of Analytics. Northwestern Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property , XI(5). Leskovec, J., Rajaraman, A. Ullman, J. D., 2014. Mining of Massive Datasets. s.l.:Cambridge University Press. Madden, S., 2012. From Databases to Big Data. IEEE Computer Society, 16(3), pp. 4-6. Marz, N. Warren, J., 2014. Big Data: Principles and Best Practices of Scalable Realtime Data Systems. s.l.:Manning Publications Company. Roebuck, K., 2011. Storing and Managing Big Data - NoSQL, Hadoop and More: High-impact Strategies - What You Need to Know: Definitions, Adoptions, Impact, Benefits, Maturity, Vendors. s.l.:Emereo Pty Limited. Zikopoulos, P., 2011. Understanding Big Data: Analytics for Enterprise Class Hadoop and Streaming Data. s.l.:McGraw Hill Professional.